Thursday, February 13, 2020
Global Warming Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words
Global Warming - Case Study Example Still, it is even more ironic to acknowledge that though global warming is closely linked to Industrial Revolution, which added to human affluence, yet, global warming is surely poised to wrench out a heavy economic cost from both the developed and developing economies. The sad thing is that if one takes into consideration the places worst impacted by global warming, one realizes that it is the poorest and least developed of nations like Bangladesh, Myanmar, Honduras, Vietnam, Nicaragua, etc that are to bear the brunt of this imminent calamity of human making. Global warming is ravaging the developing world in the form of natural disasters like droughts and floods and the consequent epidemics, hunger and large scale human migration and poverty. The thing that needs to be feared is that such calamities and disasters are bound to get more pervasive and pan-global, if something is not urgently done to ameliorate the situation. Global warming is a challenge that needs a concerted and col lective global
Saturday, February 1, 2020
Explain the types of advantages highlighted by John Dunning in the Essay - 1
Explain the types of advantages highlighted by John Dunning in the Eclectic Paradigm. In what ways does this theory repersent an advance on those of earlier theorists - Essay Example The theory of electric paradigm seeks to provide a general perspective for determining the degree and pattern for both domestic and foreign-owned production companies. Dunning does not only consider organization structure as significant but also added three significant theoretical factors including ownership, location and internalization advantages. The major aim of introducing the OLI-model was to merge the international economic theories into one approach. Dunning also distinguishes different types of foreign direct investments; thus, the model takes into considerations the resources of the country, location advantages and ownership advantages. Thus, Dunning identifies ownership, location and internalization (OLI) advantages some of which offer the explanation to the chronological acts of domestic and foreign-owned production. Ownership-specific advantages are the competitive advantages of the companies seeking to connect in FDI (Foreign Direct Investment). Therefore, companies that highly engage in foreign production have high chances of achieving competitive advantages. The ownership advantages are connected to the size and market position of the specific firm and these ownership advantages are often referred as monopolistic or competitive advantages (Cantwell and Narula 2001, p.111). They are advantages to the specific firm because they are the main asset for the specific firm. They also offer the firm a market position or cost advantage over a certain firm; thus enabling the firm to achieve effective business performance. Therefore, it is vital to develop and protect the ownership advantages because competitors may attempt to infringe or copy them. These advantages are further divided into standard ownership advantages, benefits of being a multinational enterprise and benefits derived from belonging t o large industry. First, the standard ownership advantages are those advantages that an industry requires to compare with other rival industries in a
Friday, January 24, 2020
Traditions and Values in American Education :: Learning Schooling College Papers
Traditions and Values in American Education The question of whether colleges and universities serve to pass on to students the great traditions and values of Western culture is one of many issues that I would like to discuss as it pertains to my high school teaching. The Presence of Others has given me the opportunity to read the opinions of several educational thinkers on this subject, and from them I have formed a clearer idea about the value of a broad education which would necessarily include the traditions and values of Western culture. To begin with, I should like to discuss Cardinal Newman, who in the 19th century argues for liberal studies because he felt that education is preparation for life. Its purpose is to train the mind for whatever problems arise in an individual's future by grounding him in cultural traditions and values. He describes a liberal education in the following way: "A habit of mind is formed which lasts through life, of which the attributes are, freedom, equitableness, calmness, or what in a former Discourse I have ventured to call a philosophical habit."(Lunsford & Ruszkiewicz 48). I very much agree with this idea. In my opinion a student should be educated broadly, not like me, for instance, who was very well trained in math but not prepared for anything else, and now I am finding it hard to fill in the empty spaces, but the need to know more and learn more is strong in me, so I keep trying. But the point is that even though I am educated, I feel ignorant . That's my reason for saying that students in high school and university should get a broad education. And I am happy that my children have not been trapped by a special talent as I was, and that they are interested in the every area of their education equally. They will be getting the education that I was denied; and they will learn the traditions and values through their history and literature classes, for example, which will better prepare them for life here in the United States especially, where citizens must be able t o participate in the democratic process. I will use as an example my son Gagik, who was enrolled in the magnet law program at Monroe High School. But even though he wasn't in a mth program, neverthless, he was able to take higher math up through calculus.
Thursday, January 16, 2020
Honesty: Lie and Personal Responsibility
Being Honest with Yourself Honesty is the best way to succeed in future endeavors, both in relationships and business. Though being honest can hurt others it is beneficial to succeeding in life. This is a personal responsibility any individual should have both in education and in everyday life. When it comes to being honest in school, plagiarism is one of the biggest lies a person could do.Plagiarism means ââ¬Å"an act or instance of using or closely imitating the language and thoughts of another author without authorization and the representation of that author's work as one's own, as by not crediting the original authorâ⬠(Dictionary. com,2013). Plagiarizing someoneââ¬â¢s work is not being honest to the instructor, but most of all not being honest to your own work; it is not showing that you have that personal responsibility to the school work. Researchers have a personal responsibility to be honest on their work.Sometimes when the research is being conducted, the writer wi ll add other more honorary titles into that research; this is less than honest when it comes to a research. When the researchers add extra information that is not valid to the paper it starts to become a lie. In childhood a young child has that personal responsibility to be honest to their parents. If they were not honest with them, normally they would be disciplined for lying. While in school a child will learn how to be honest on their school work and to be honest with their peers.In both aspects they would need to show that they know what honesty is, and that they are responsible for proving that they truly understand what that honesty is. Sometimes when growing up and being taught that being honest is the way life should be and that the individual should always be honest. Honesty does have its time and place. ââ¬Å"Do theses pants make my butt look fatâ⬠, for gentlemen this is an all-time question, tell the truth and let your wife know, yes those pants make you look fat, o r say honey no you look amazing in those pants.Some honesty could be a little too much for a woman already feeling insecure about her body. So the individual will tell a little white lie and things seem to continue to run smoothly throughout the day and night. Now if the person were a snitch, say for the FBI, this could be a deadly ordeal for that person. Tell the truth only to the FBI and take that chance of being caught by a gang of some sorts, and be killed for saying secret information. Then again if that snitch never gets caught, there might be an amazing award for that person.Going to another country or state might become their haven, and they can continue a normal and productive life. Some views on honesty are that a person is a snitch, or maybe they just do not know how to tell a lie. Either way, honesty is a personal responsibility that most would view as an important aspect to everyday life. Whether it is in school or in everyday life honesty is the best policy. References Sharma, B. , & Singh, V. (2011). Ethics in writing: Learning to stay away from plagiarism and scientific misconduct.Lung India, 28(2), 148-150. doi: http://dx. doi. org/10. 4103/0970- 2113. 80337 Steneck, N. H. (2011). The dilemma of the honest researcher. EMBO Reports, 12(8), 745-745. doi: http://dx. doi. org/10. 1038/embor. 2011. 134 Victoria Talwar, Angela M. Crossman, Childrenââ¬â¢s lies and their detection: Implications for child witness testimony, Developmental Review, Volume 32, Issue 4, December 2012, Pages 337-359, ISSN 0273-2297, 10. 1016/j. dr. 2012. 06. 004. (http://www. sciencedirect. com/science/article/pii/S0273229712000251) Honesty: Lie and Personal Responsibility Being Honest with Yourself Honesty is the best way to succeed in future endeavors, both in relationships and business. Though being honest can hurt others it is beneficial to succeeding in life. This is a personal responsibility any individual should have both in education and in everyday life. When it comes to being honest in school, plagiarism is one of the biggest lies a person could do.Plagiarism means ââ¬Å"an act or instance of using or closely imitating the language and thoughts of another author without authorization and the representation of that author's work as one's own, as by not crediting the original authorâ⬠(Dictionary. com,2013). Plagiarizing someoneââ¬â¢s work is not being honest to the instructor, but most of all not being honest to your own work; it is not showing that you have that personal responsibility to the school work. Researchers have a personal responsibility to be honest on their work.Sometimes when the research is being conducted, the writer wi ll add other more honorary titles into that research; this is less than honest when it comes to a research. When the researchers add extra information that is not valid to the paper it starts to become a lie. In childhood a young child has that personal responsibility to be honest to their parents. If they were not honest with them, normally they would be disciplined for lying. While in school a child will learn how to be honest on their school work and to be honest with their peers.In both aspects they would need to show that they know what honesty is, and that they are responsible for proving that they truly understand what that honesty is. Sometimes when growing up and being taught that being honest is the way life should be and that the individual should always be honest. Honesty does have its time and place. ââ¬Å"Do theses pants make my butt look fatâ⬠, for gentlemen this is an all-time question, tell the truth and let your wife know, yes those pants make you look fat, o r say honey no you look amazing in those pants.Some honesty could be a little too much for a woman already feeling insecure about her body. So the individual will tell a little white lie and things seem to continue to run smoothly throughout the day and night. Now if the person were a snitch, say for the FBI, this could be a deadly ordeal for that person. Tell the truth only to the FBI and take that chance of being caught by a gang of some sorts, and be killed for saying secret information. Then again if that snitch never gets caught, there might be an amazing award for that person.Going to another country or state might become their haven, and they can continue a normal and productive life. Some views on honesty are that a person is a snitch, or maybe they just do not know how to tell a lie. Either way, honesty is a personal responsibility that most would view as an important aspect to everyday life. Whether it is in school or in everyday life honesty is the best policy. References Sharma, B. , & Singh, V. (2011). Ethics in writing: Learning to stay away from plagiarism and scientific misconduct.Lung India, 28(2), 148-150. doi: http://dx. doi. org/10. 4103/0970- 2113. 80337 Steneck, N. H. (2011). The dilemma of the honest researcher. EMBO Reports, 12(8), 745-745. doi: http://dx. doi. org/10. 1038/embor. 2011. 134 Victoria Talwar, Angela M. Crossman, Childrenââ¬â¢s lies and their detection: Implications for child witness testimony, Developmental Review, Volume 32, Issue 4, December 2012, Pages 337-359, ISSN 0273-2297, 10. 1016/j. dr. 2012. 06. 004. (http://www. sciencedirect. com/science/article/pii/S0273229712000251)
Wednesday, January 8, 2020
The Effects Of Insanity In The Story Of Hamlet - 1435 Words
Insanity is the state of being mentally ill and not in the common state of mind. During the story of Hamlet insanity is a major factor to many situations. Hamlet showed many of signs of being insane, which also led to the death of others. Many ask, was ââ¬Å"Hamlets insanity real or fakeâ⬠and if so how did it affect the story in the ways it did. Many also wonder the signs that he shows to be insane and did his sickness cause others to lose the mental state of mind. In the story of Hamlet the actions of others play into the decisions of others and make their actions rash and harsh. The cause of insanity led to the actions of Hamlet and Laertes and how they both handled the death of their fathers in different matters. Through the story ofâ⬠¦show more contentâ⬠¦Gertrude, Hamlets own mother has come to think Hamlet has gone mad ââ¬Å" O Hamlet, speak no more! Thou turnââ¬â¢st my eyes into my very soul, and there I see such black and grained spots As will not leave thei r tinct.â⬠This comes from Hamlet telling her he sees his father and telling him to keep his mother from sleeping with the king. As Hamlets mother responds ââ¬Å"Alas, heââ¬â¢s mad.â⬠She does not think Hamlet knows right from wrong anymore and has lost his mind. Insanity does not only take an effect on Hamlet but on others as well. The daughter of Polonius, Ophelia the girl in love with Hamlet. Hamlet and Ophelia wanted each other, her father and her brother kept it from happening. Polonius was the father of Ophelia and Polonius, he and Polonius thought Hamlet only wanted his daughter to have sex with her. From Hamlet and Ophelia not allowed to show their love for on another, this drove her mad. Due to the death of their father, Laertes is set on getting his revenge on Hamlet for the death of his father. The actions of Hamlet and Laertes take to avenge their father was different in many ways. In the final scene, he kills Hamlet with a poisoned sword to avenge the de aths of his father and sister, for which he blamed Hamlet. While dying of the same poison, he implicates King Claudius. ââ¬Å"And so have I a noble father lost; a sister driven into desperate terms, whose worth, if praises may go back again, Stood challenger on mount of all the age for her perfections; but myShow MoreRelatedHamlet and the Yellow Wallpaper1002 Words à |à 5 PagesThe Nature of Insanity in ââ¬Å"The Yellow Wallpaperâ⬠and ââ¬Å"Hamletâ⬠There are many different events in a personââ¬â¢s life that could lead them to insanity. In Charlotte Perkins Gilmanââ¬â¢s ââ¬Å"The Yellow Wallpaperâ⬠you are dealing with a woman who is a victim of male over-protectiveness and isolation that eventually leads to her insanity. In William Shakespeareââ¬â¢s ââ¬Å"Hamletâ⬠you are dealing with a man who has to deal with his fatherââ¬â¢s death and rejection from the love of his life that eventually leads himRead MoreThe Insanity Of Hamlet By William Shakespeare1517 Words à |à 7 PagesThe Insanity in Hamlet Insanity, a theme explored by multiple authors in countless classic selections, has instilled itself as one of the darkest and interesting themes in the literary world. In Shakespeareââ¬â¢s legendary Hamlet, the audience questions the sanity of Hamlet and Ophelia constantly, as well as that of the other characters. As the story progresses, this becomes more and more relevant, bringing the reader to consider the causes and effects of the charactersââ¬â¢ mental states on the resolutionRead MoreThe Tragedy Of Hamlet By William Shakespeare1174 Words à |à 5 Pages42nd Vice-President of the United States). The Tragedy of Hamlet, Prince of Denmark, written by William Shakespeare, is a classic piece of literature in which the charactersââ¬â¢ actions alone contribute to oneââ¬â¢s understanding of the entire story. One such character is known as the fair Ophelia, Hamletââ¬â¢s lover. Ophelia is naive, malleable, and muddled. Throughout the play, Ophelia is seen as an oblivious maiden who is just another role in the story. However, as the play progresses, the audience begins toRead MoreTheme of Revenge in Shakespeares Hamlet Essay872 Words à |à 4 PagesThe desires of Hamlet, Laertes, and young Fortinbras each exhibit how the plot of Hamlet, by William Shakespeare revolves entirely around revenge. The theme of revenge starts off very early in the play, when Hamlet speaks with the ghost of his deceased father. When the ghost tells Hamlet how Claudius murdered him, Hamlet is infuriated and overtaken with feelings of responsibility to right the wrong that has been done; to murder Claudius. The effects of this experience on Hamlet are portrayed clearlyRead MoreHamlet As A Nihilism1566 Words à |à 7 Pages William Shakespeare s Hamlet portrays as multitude of ideas, meanings and interpretations. In this essay, I will focus on analyzing Hamlet through the post-modern existential lens of nihilism. Nihilism has five main types; political, moral, epistemological, cosmic, and existential. Throughout the course of the play, Hamlet shows many characteristics that showcase these principles , such as apathy and despair. Hamlet is a nihilist character because through his actions of mania and despair heRead MoreHamlet Comparison Essay755 Words à |à 4 PagesShakespeares play titled Hamlet, Lies, deception, and foul play are all encompassed into an iconic tale of revenge. The tragedy takes place in Denmark, following the death of Hamletââ¬â¢s father, King Hamlet. Shortly after his death, King Hamletââ¬â¢s brother Claudius marries, the Queen, who is prince Hamletââ¬â¢s mother. The ghost of the dead king later shows himself to Hamlet in order to reveal that he was actually murdered by his own brother Claudius. After the ghost instructs Hamlet to avenge his death, heRead MoreWilliam Shakespeares Hamlet : Relationship Between Passion And Reason1472 Words à |à 6 PagesIn the play Hamlet by William Shakespeare the relationship between passion and reason plays an important role in the fate of the young Prince Hamletââ¬â¢s life. Throughout the play Hamlet finds out a numerous amount of unsettling news that pushes him towards rash decisions. The ghost of Hamletââ¬â¢s recently deceased father, the King, sets the play into motion when he bestows Hamlet w ith the order to kill his murderer, Hamletââ¬â¢s uncle (1.5.24-25). Relying only on his trusted friends, Hamlet sets out to findRead MoreThe Tragedy Of Hamlet By William Shakespeare1874 Words à |à 8 PagesWilliam Shakespeare s play, The Tragedy of Hamlet, where the main character, Hamlet, begins going insane after the death of his father. His insanity is caused by a recent death in his family, his motherââ¬â¢s remarriage, the growing effects of trying to be something you are not, and the burning desire for revenge. His withering state of mind progressively worsens over time and is seen throughout the story line by everyone, that is everyone but Hamlet himself. Hamlet does not believe the things he is doingRead MoreEssay On Revenge In Hamlet1526 Words à |à 7 PagesThose are some of the many things that make the characters in the story of Hamlet tick. There is almost always method to someoneââ¬â¢s madness, and there is always a motive behind revenge although it may not be the best option. Sometimes, the man who wants revenge gets so wrapped up in the thought of getting even with a person, they do not realize they are hurting the people around them. It is affecting their lives like poison. Hamlet took the life of an innocent man because he did not stop to thinkRead MoreThe Importance of the Now1714 Words à |à 7 Pagescenturies. Fictional characters are no exception. Hamlet, in particular, seems very concerned with the prospect of facing the consequences of oneââ¬â¢s actions in the afterlife. In Act 3, he is afraid Claudius will be forgiven if he dies while praying (Ham. 3.3.77-83). In his famous ââ¬Å"To be or not to beâ⬠soliloquy, Hamlet concludes that fear of the afterlife is what prevents man from committing suicide and escaping the miseries of an earthly existence(ââ¬Å"Hamletâ⬠). Hamlet is also consumed by the idea of death itself-
Monday, December 30, 2019
The Rolling Stones - 1443 Words
THE ROLLING STONES The Rolling Stones, self-acclaimed and fan-supported, is ââ¬Å"The Worldââ¬â¢s Greatest Rock and Roll Band.â⬠The Rolling Stones is well into its fifth decade performing together as a group. They are the longest lived, continuous performing band in the history of music. From the bandââ¬â¢s early British beginnings through the present, The Rolling Stones has continued to adapt its music to the sounds and styles of the past five decades, to remain ever visible and popular in the eyes of the world. The ââ¬Å"Stones,â⬠as the band has become known by, was formed by the blues-loving London born, childhood friends, Mick Jagger and Keith Richards. Over the period following Jaggerââ¬â¢s and Richardsââ¬â¢ chance reunion on a train at the Dartfordâ⬠¦show more contentâ⬠¦Oldham, the Stonesââ¬â¢ first manager, is quoted as saying ââ¬Å"The Rolling Stones are more that just a group ââ¬â they are a way of life.â⬠The Stones refused to conform to th e wants and censorship of the British establishment. Brian Jones said ââ¬Å"Young people are measuring opinion with new yardsticks and it must mean greater individual freedom of expression. Pop music will have its part to play in all of this.â⬠The British establishment tried to break the band apart by pursuing drug charges against Jagger, Richards, and Jones. Jagger and Richards were able to rebound from the drug charges and avoid prison sentences. Jones was unable to give up the drug addiction and eventually left the band on June 8, 1969, he was found dead on July 3, 1969 and the official cause was ââ¬Å"death by misadventure.â⬠The Rolling Stones developed a large fan base during their early years as they represented and led the way in pursuing a change in the existing censorious British establishment. During the early years of the band as they struggled against the British establishment, The Rolling Stones also debuted in United States. The first song to hit the charts in the United States was called ââ¬Å"That Girl Belongs to Yesterday.â⬠The Stones did not face the same censorship in the United States as they did in Britain, however, the band did face some controversy over an incident at a free concert performed at Altamont Speedway, outside of San Francisco. The Hellââ¬â¢s Angels were hired asShow MoreRelatedThe Rolling Stones And The Stones983 Words à |à 4 PagesThe Rolling Stones Stones, a simple concretion of earthy or mineral matter, a rock, a building block, it may be precious, or it may be garbage. The Rolling Stones are very similar to a pack a stones, a pack of random men to play music. They first started as a small measly band that soon grew into an international sensation. The Stones created some of the most widely known tunes and they also created one of the most iconic styles of music, rock and roll. The Rolling Stones were defined by the veryRead MoreThe Rolling Stone Redaction.718 Words à |à 3 Pages The Rolling Stone Redaction was the mistake waiting to happen as a result of journalistic desperation on the Rolling Stones part, as the once iron clad story s eggshell are torn asunder by the increasing lack of verifiability. Only to reveal a viscous trail with no clear substance. As The Rolling Stone began on this path, they put aside safeguards that would normally have sent the story to the bin, ignoring conflicting information from the other s ources and only focusing on the main. That is whenRead MoreThe Heart and Soul of the Rolling Stones620 Words à |à 2 PagesSilence. That was all that could be heard as the crowd gazed at the podium in front of them, waiting anxiously. BAM. Suddenly sticks hit drums and the crowd screamed in delight. The Rolling Stones have arrived. Landing their first gig in 1963, the Rolling Stones have traveled far in their career. They never realized that their first gig would be one of the many yet to come, making them ââ¬Å"one of the most revered rock n roll bands in the music history decades to come.â⬠(ââ¬Å"Charlie Watts Biographyâ⬠1)Read MoreThe Beatles and The Rolling Stones: The Game Changers Essay1189 Words à |à 5 PagesWhether you prefer ââ¬Å"Here Comes the Sunâ⬠by The Beatles or ââ¬Å"Paint it Blackâ⬠by The Rolling Stones, there is no denying they are two of the most influential bands. The Rolling Stones and The Beatles are two transformational bands that emerged in the early 1960ââ¬â¢s from UK. There is much discussion regarding who has the most relevance today. Critics and industry analysts have agreed that The Beatles and The Rolling Stones have both shaped and continue to shape up and coming musicians today. Many artistsRead MoreA Rolling Stone Gathers No Moss4500 Words à |à 18 PagesEnglish:à A rolling stone gathers no moss. -- A person who never settles in one place or who often changes his job will not succeed in life; one who is always changing his mind will never get anything done.à Aà rolling stone gathers no moss, but it gains a certain polish. People say this to mean that an ambitious person is more successful than a person not trying to achieve anything. Originally it meant the opposite and was critical of people trying to get ahead What is the meaning of A rolling stone gathersRead More The Impact of the Beatles and the Rolling Stones Upon Music During the 1960s1385 Words à |à 6 PagesThe Impact of the Beatles and the Rolling Stones Upon Music During the 1960s The Beatles were a new band with a difference and this led to their impact in the sixties. They were different because they were producing real music and stepping away from sounding like just another band trying to imitate American stars. Beatles music was totally unique, a mixture of rock and roll, Rhythm and Blues and Tamla Motown. British music had always been dominated from American producedRead More Rock Bands Essay1700 Words à |à 7 PagesAlong with the Beatles, The Rolling Stones are one of the most famous English rock bands to influence America. Introducing teenagers to African American urban blues, and transforming the urban blues into something like high-energized rock and roll are just some of the things the Stones brought to America (Kallen 10-11). The original line-up of the band included; Bill Wyman, Charlie Watts, Brian Jones, Mick Jagger, and Ian Stewart (Kallen 8-9). They have come a long way to get where they are nowRead MoreEffects Of The British Invasion815 Words à |à 4 Pagesbeatles (The leaders of the British Invasion) plane landed in america. Then when they made their first song there was almost and almost instant effect there song rose to the top of the charts. After that many very talented british artists like the Rolling Stones were influenced and also composed of songs that took effect to America. Some of these artists were even questioned to be the best bands in the world. This was called the British Invasion. The British Invasion was a biggest influence on rock andRead MoreKeith Richards : A Famous Writer871 Words à |à 4 Pages actor, and most well known for being one of the original members of the rock band The Rolling Stones. He was born December 18, 1943 in Dartford, England, where he was also from. Richards is still alive today and currently 71 years old. He is an only child of Doris and Bertrand Richards. His dad was a factory worker who got injured in World War II. Richards was one of the original members of The Rolling Stones. He played the guitar while the other original members include Brian Jones, Ian StewartRead MoreThe Rock And Roll Band1361 Words à |à 6 PagesFormed in the sixties, The Rolling Stones consisted of Brian Jones, Ian Stewart, Mick Jagger, Keith Richards, Bill Wyman, and Charlie Watts. Referring to themselves as the Wor ldââ¬â¢s Greatest Rock and Roll band, the song ââ¬Å"Rollinââ¬â¢ Stonesâ⬠written by Muddy Waters is what stemmed into the band s name. The Stones recorded and sold what is estimated to be more than a quarter million albums until the early 1980s when Jagger and Richard had a fight over musical direction and the group grew apart from each
Sunday, December 22, 2019
Essay on Pioneer petroleu - 717 Words
Pioneer petroleum items for discussion Group#10 Key objectives: calculation of WACC and use of hurdle rates in risk return analysis. 1. Does Pioneer estimate its overall weighted average cost of capital correctly? a. Evaluate technique, weights and rates. b. How should they estimate their cost of equity capital? ANS: To estimate the overall weighted average cost of capital, Pioneer used the weighted average cost of capital method. First, they find the proportions of each source of capital which is equity and debt. Because the firm policy had been adopted that funded debt should represent approximately 50% of total capital. So the weight of Debt and Equity are 50% respectively. The weights Pioneer used are correct.â⬠¦show more contentâ⬠¦Finally, the firm should use the discount rates times each weights, and get the specific rate for each sector. 4. How should Pioneer set capital budgeting criteria for different projects within a given division? What distinctions among projects might be captured in these criteria? How should the different standards be determined? ANS: Different projects should be set according to their risks and expected returns, even though they are in a given division. The various situation and market fluctuation for each project might lead to different returns. So Pioneer should set the cost of capital and weights distinctly among those projects. Because Beta represents the risk of a project and different projects show different risks, Beta used to calculate the CAPM should be determined depending on the risks. In addition, in determination of weights of debt and equity, they should also consider differently because initially Pioneer set half and half. But we believe in the future capital budgets, being more specific when setting the weight instead of just evenly distributed would be more reasonable. 5. Should the discount rate for environmental projects vary by division or be one corporate rate? ANS: The discount rate for environmental projects should be vary by division. Because environmental project is very special and difficult to predict the return. Sometimes it would show its benefit for the firm in a long
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